In the Muslin world, the relationship between music and astronomy can beseen on two levels. On one level, the connection is indirect, involving anunderlying system of symbolism in numbers, proportions and geometric figuresthat penetrates most areas of Islamic art and scholarship, such as mathematics,geometry, alchemy and medicine. It can be understood as a unifying elementwithin Islamic culture. On another level, the connection between music andastronomy is direct, with astronomical concepts directly applied to musicand some musical concepts applied to astronomy. In both cases the relationshipcan be understood only in the context of the Islamic culture, its philosophyand art.